

Even first gen i-series Intel CPUs support VT-d. I had an i7-870 that ran my entire setup under Proxmox for several years, until early 2023.
What you really need is RAM. In my case, ~32GB per node in a three-machine cluster is not quite enough, but a 4c/8t CPU is more than plenty.
Slap a few zigbee smart plugs into your setup, cluster them in Home Assistant, and measure the total power draw. That’s what I do. It’s eye-opening… I learned that my 5800X3D/7900XTX gaming PC is capable of pulling exponentially more power than my entire server cluster. I shut that thing off when I’m not using it now haha.